Bandwidth-constrained signature waveforms and Walsh signal space receivers for synchronous CDMA systems

Synchronous CDMA systems whose transmission bandwidth is quantified through the fractional out-of-band energy (FOBE) constraint are considered. Either a conventional matched filter (MF) receiver or a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver is employed for users’ data detection. The total squared correlation (TSC) and the total mean-square error (TMSE) are proposed as the performance parameters for the MF and MMSE receivers respectively. These parameters need to be minimized in order to maximize the signal-to-interference ratios (SIR’s) at the receivers’ outputs. For a given FOBE bandwidth constraint, the sets of signature waveforms that minimize either TSC or TMSE are obtained from the prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs). Furthermore, if the number of users is the size of a Hadamard matrix, then optimal signature waveforms can be obtained to maximize the individual SIR for every user. Due to the complicated nature of the PSWFs, simplified MF and MMSE receivers based on the Walsh signal space are developed.